Endocrine Abstracts

Cigarette smoking is the major cause of disease related deaths in the world. Cigarette smoke contains many harmful chemicals, among them nicotine is the most potent one. The root cause of smoking hazards is nicotine addiction or dependence (ND). Environmental as well as genetic factors are reported to influence smoking which leads to nicotine addiction in all age groups especially. Neurexin1 is a cell adhesion protein important for synapse formation and CHRNB4 is chol...

As a lingering, often deteriorating brain disease, addiction causes neurotic drug seeking and utilization along with injurious significances to the addicts and to those living around them. Biological, genetic and a number of intrinsic and extrinsic environmental constituents are most vital in entire risk factors of drug addiction. Among addictive drugs opioid dependence is considered as the most deliberated drug abuse disorder and a major social dilemma worldwide. Opioids indu...